feat(form-builder): exception hierarchy for binding-apply pipeline

Per RFC-WS-6 §Q3 v1.3 addition 2 (binding hierarchy) + §Q2 (invariant exception).

- Refactored FormBindingApplicatorException from concrete final to abstract
  base. Constructor (submissionId, message, previous?) preserves submissionId
  as a public readonly property so D2's outer-transaction handler can write
  it structurally to form_submission_action_failures.context JSON without
  regex-parsing the message. Replaced public-readonly reasonCode property
  with abstract reasonCode(): string method.
- Added 3 reason-coded subclasses:
  - FormBindingSchemaConfigException -> 'schema_config_error' (422)
  - FormBindingInfraException -> 'temporary_error' (503, NOT final because
    Timeout extends it)
  - FormBindingDataIntegrityException -> 'data_integrity_error' (422)
- Added FormBindingApplicatorTimeoutException extending FormBindingInfraException
  (timeout = temporary infra issue from user perspective; reasonCode inherited).
- Added IdentityMatchInvariantViolation as a sibling DomainException — NOT
  in the FormBindingApplicatorException hierarchy because it's thrown
  outside the binding-applicator pipeline.
- Migrated 3 existing throw sites in FormBindingApplicator::apply():
  - 'no_transaction' -> FormBindingInfraException (developer-error wants
    infra-triage workflow: GlitchTip alert + retry-after)
  - 'no_schema' -> FormBindingSchemaConfigException
  - 'unknown_purpose' -> FormBindingSchemaConfigException
- Updated FormBindingApplicatorIntegrationTest::test_no_transaction_guard_present
  to assert against the new throw shape (FormBindingInfraException + new
  message string) while preserving the test's intent (guard exists in source).

Wiring (deadline wrapper, classifier integration in listener catch +
retry-service recordFailure) lands in D2.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.7 <noreply@anthropic.com>

api/app/Exceptions/FormBuilder/FormBindingApplicatorTimeoutException.php

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace App\Exceptions\FormBuilder;
+
+/**
+ * Thrown by the deadline-wrapper around FormBindingApplicator when the
+ * inner transaction takes longer than config('form_builder.apply_deadline_seconds')
+ * (default 5).
+ *
+ * Extends FormBindingInfraException because from the user's perspective a
+ * timeout is identical to any other temporary infra issue: retry should
+ * help. The response-shape classification 'temporary_error' is inherited.
+ *
+ * Per RFC-WS-6 §Q1 v1.3 addition 4.
+ *
+ * The deadline-wrapper itself lands in D2 (modification to
+ * ApplyBindingsOnFormSubmit's apply call site). This class exists in D1
+ * so D2's wiring is straightforward.
+ */
+final class FormBindingApplicatorTimeoutException extends FormBindingInfraException
+{
+    // No reasonCode override — inherits 'temporary_error' from FormBindingInfraException.
+    // No constructor override — inherits (submissionId, message, previous) from the base.
+}