feat(timetable): four custom validation rules for artist domain

StageActiveOnEvent — checks the candidate stage_id is linked to the
given event_id via stage_days. Covers performance create/update
(perf.event_id ↔ stage) and the timetable move endpoint
(target_stage_id ↔ resolved target event).

WithinEventBounds — checks a candidate datetime is inside the event's
[start_at, end_at] window. Used for performance start/end dates and
move-target dates against the relevant sub-event for festivals.

OptionExpiresInFuture — conditional rule fired only when
booking_status === 'option'. Asserts option_expires_at is set and in
the future. Implementation of RFC §10.1 transition gate at the
request layer (the service layer enforces the same invariant).

ContractRequiresFee — conditional rule fired only when
booking_status === 'contracted'. Asserts fee_amount is set and > 0.
Same dual-layer enforcement as OptionExpiresInFuture.

All four pass silently when the validated field is null or the
context is irrelevant — the FormRequest still owns the surrounding
required/nullable/exists rules.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.7 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>

api/app/Rules/Artist/OptionExpiresInFuture.php

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace App\Rules\Artist;
+
+use App\Enums\Artist\ArtistEngagementStatus;
+use Carbon\CarbonImmutable;
+use Closure;
+use Illuminate\Contracts\Validation\ValidationRule;
+
+/**
+ * Conditional rule: when `booking_status === 'option'`, the
+ * `option_expires_at` field must be set and in the future.
+ *
+ * Bound from the engagement FormRequest, taking the inbound
+ * booking_status value at construction time.
+ */
+final class OptionExpiresInFuture implements ValidationRule
+{
+    public function __construct(
+        private readonly ?string $bookingStatus,
+    ) {}
+
+    public function validate(string $attribute, mixed $value, Closure $fail): void
+    {
+        if ($this->bookingStatus !== ArtistEngagementStatus::Option->value) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if ($value === null || $value === '') {
+            $fail('Bij status "Optie" is een vervaldatum verplicht.');
+
+            return;
+        }
+
+        $candidate = CarbonImmutable::parse((string) $value);
+        if ($candidate->isPast()) {
+            $fail('De optie-vervaldatum moet in de toekomst liggen.');
+        }
+    }
+}